Minggu, 10 Agustus 2014
Jumat, 25 Juli 2014
GEOGRAFI
(KOMPONEN PETA)
NAMA KELOMPOK
SMA NEGERI .....................................
A. PENGERTIAN
Peta adalah gambar sebagian atau seluruh permukaan bumi pada bidang datar, diperkecil dengan skala dan proyeksi tertentu.
B. JENIS-JENIS PETA
Jenis Peta berdasarkan informasi atau isinya peta :
Peta umum (peta ikhtisar), adalah peta yang menggambarkan segala sesuatu di permukaan bumi secara umum. Peta umum dibedakan menjadi dua, yaitu peta chorografi dan peta topografi. Peta chorografi adalah peta yang menampilkan permukaan bumi secara umum, seperti peta dunia, peta benua, dan peta kabupaten. Peta topografi adalah peta yang menampilkan relief permukaan bumi.
Peta khusus (tematik) adalah peta yang hanya menggambarkan kenampakan tertentu saja di permukaan bumi. Contoh peta tematik antara lain peta pariwisata, peta kepadatan penduduk, peta pertambangan, dan sebagainya.
Jenis Peta berdasarkan skalanya :
1 . Peta kadaster, berskala 1: 100 s.d. 1: 5.000.
2 . Peta skala besar, berskala 1 : 5.000 s.d. 1: 250.000.
3 . Peta skala sedang, berskala 1: 250.000 s.d 1: 500.000.
4 . Peta skala kecil, berskala 1: 500.000 s.d 1:1.000.000.
5 . Peta skala sangat kecil, berskala lebih besar dari 1 : 1.000.000
Jenis Peta Berdasarkan Sifat Datanya
Peta stasioner. Peta stasioner adalah peta yang sifat datanya menggambarkan keadaan permukaan bumi yang tetap atau relatif stabil.
Contohnya:
Peta geologi
Peta kontur
Peta laut menurut kedalamannya
Peta topografi
Peta jalur pegunungan
Peta dinamis. Peta dinamis adalah peta yang sifat datanya menggambarkan keadaan permukaan bumi yang bersifat dinamis atau berubah-ubah.
Contoh:
Peta kepadatan penduduk
Peta penyebaran penduduk memperlihatkan tingkat kepadatan penduduk di suatu tempat pada suatu wilayah.
Peta jaringan transportasi
Peta jaringan irigasi
Peta jaringan telepon
Jenis Peta Berdasarkan Bentuknya
Peta timbul. Peta timbul adalah peta yang dibuat berdasarkan bentuk permukaan bumi yang sebenarnya, misalnya peta relief.
Peta dasar (peta biasa). Peta dasar adalah peta yang menggambarkan keadaan suatu wilayah yang belum diberi data, misalnya peta dasar Indonesia atau peta dasar Pulau Jawa. Dengan adanya peta dasar tersebut kita dapat membuat berbagai jenis peta yang kita inginkan.
Peta digital. Peta digital adalah peta yang datanya terdapat pada pita magnetik, sedangkan pengolahan dan penyajian datanya menggunakan komputer, misalnya peta yang digambarkan melalui layar televisi atau layar komputer.
Proyeksi Peta
Bumi kita merupakan bentuk tiga dimensi, tetapi peta merupakan bentuk dua dimensi. Walaupun demikian terdapat tiga aspek yang harus dipenuhi oleh sebuah peta yaitu sebagai berikut.
Conform, berarti bentuk yang digambarkan di peta harus sesuai dengan aslinya.
Equivalent, berarti daerah yang digambar di peta harus sama luas dengan aslinya.
Equidistant, berarti jarak yang digambar pada peta harus tepat perbandingannya dengan jarak sesungguhnya
Untuk menghindari terjadinya kesalahan yang lebih besar, dalam ukuran (luas, jarak) bentuk permukaan bumi pada peta, maka dalam pembuatan peta digunakan proyeksi peta. Proyeksi peta adalah teknik pemindahan bentuk permukaan bumi yang lengkung (bulat) ke bidang datar.
Macam-macam proyeksi peta adalah sebagai berikut.
Proyeksi azimuthal (zenithal projection), adalah bidang proyeksi yang berupa suatu bidang datar yang menyinggung bola, pada kutub ekuator atau sembarang tempat yang terletak antara ekuator dan kutub. Proyeksi ini paling baik untuk menggambar daerah di sekitar ekuator.
Proyeksi silinder (Mercator projection ), adalah semua garis horizontal dan meridian berupa garis lurus vertikal. Proyeksi ini paling tepat menggambarkan daerah ekuator sebab ke arah kutub terjadi pemanjangan garis.
Proyeksi kerucut (conical projection), adalah garis yang memotong atau menyinggung globe dan bentangannya ditentukan oleh sudut puncaknya. Proyeksi ini menggambarkan daerah dilintang 45°
Lettering (Tata Cara Penulisan pada Peta)
Untuk membuat tulisan pada peta ada kesepakatan di antara para ahli (kartografer) yaitu sebagai berikut:
Nama geografi ditulis dengan bahasa dan istilah yang digunakan penduduk setempat.Contoh: Sungai ditulis Ci (Jawa Barat), Kreung (Aceh), Air (Sumatera Utara).Nama sungai ditulis searah dengan aliran sungai dan menggunakan huruf miring.
Nama jalan ditulis harus searah dengan arah jalan tersebut, dan ditulis dengan huruf cetak kecil.
Nama kota ditulis dengan 4 cara yaitu:
di bawah simbol kota.
di atas simbol kota.
di sebelah kanan simbol kota.
di sebelah kiri simbol kota.
KOMPONEN KELENGKAPAN PETA
- Judul Peta
Judul peta menunjukkan data dan daerah yang tergambar dalam peta tersebut.
Peta penyebaran penduduk pulau Jawa.
Peta bentuk muka bumi Asia.
Peta Indonesia.
Judul peta merupakan komponen yang sangat penting. Biasanya, sebelum pembaca memperhatikan isi peta, pasti terlebih dahulu judul yang dibacanya. Judul peta hendaknya memuat/mencerminkan informasi yang sesuai dengan isi peta. Selain itu, judul peta jangan sampai menimbulkan penafsiran ganda pada peta.
Judul peta biasanya diletakkan di bagian tengah atas peta. Tetapi judul peta dapat juga diletakkan di bagian lain dari peta, asalkan tidak mengganggu kenampakan dari keseluruhan peta.
- Garis Tepi (Border)
- Garis Astronomis
- Skala Peta
Skala angka. Contoh :
Skala 1 : 500.000 artinya 1 cm jarak di peta sama dengan 500.000 cm = 5Km jarak sebenarnya di permukaan bumi. Bila ingin menyajikan data secara rinci, maka gunakanlah skala besar, (1 : 5.000 sampai 1 : 250.000). Sebaliknya bila ingin menunjukkan data secara umum, gunakanlah skala kecil (1 : 500.000 sampai 1 : 1.000.000 atau lebih).
- Skala garis. Contoh :
0_1_2_3_4_5 km
dibaca setiap 10 cm pada peta mewakili 5km di lapangan.
- Skala verbal. Contoh :
skala verbal biasanya digunakan oleh orang-orang Amerika dan Eropa
Dilihat dari bilangannya.
1. Skala Kadaster -> 1 : 5.000 (kurang)
2. Skala Besar -> 1 : (>5.000 - <250.000)
3. Skala Sedang -> 1 : (>250.000 - <500.000)
4. Skala Kecil -> 1 : (>500.000 - 1.000.000)
5. Skala Geografi -> 1 : (>1.000.000)
- Legenda/Keterangan Peta
Legenda merupakan keterangan peta, memudahkan pembacaan dan penafsiran peta karena legenda menerangkan arti dari simbol-simbol yang terdapat dalam peta.
Legenda biasanya diletakkan di pojok kiri bawah peta. Selain itu legenda peta dapat juga diletakkan pada bagian lain peta, sepanjang tidak mengganggu kenampakan peta secara keseluruhan.
- Petunjuk Arah/Tanda Orientasi
Petunjuk arah untuk menunjukkan arah Utara, Selatan, Timur dan Barat. Tanda orientasi perlu dicantumkan pada peta untuk menghindari kekeliruan. Petunjuk arah pada peta biasanya berbentuk tanda panah yang menunjuk ke arah Utara. Petunjuk ini diletakkan di bagian mana saja dari peta, asalkan tidak menganggu kenampakan peta. Gambar orientasi peta;
- Simbol dan Warna
Gambar atau tanda untuk mewakili obyek agar penyajian informasi lebih sederhana dan sistematik.
Simbol titik, digunakan untuk menyajikan tempat atau data posisional, seperti simbol kota, titik trianggulasi (titik ketinggian) tempat dari permukaan laut. Contoh: simbol titik.
Simbol garis, digunakan untuk menyajikan data geografis seperti simbol sungai, batas wilayah, jalan, dsb. Contoh: simbol garis.
Simbol luasan (area), digunakan untuk menunjukkan kenampakan area seperti: padang pasir, rawa, hutan. Contoh: simbol luasan (area).
https://goo.gl/images/f1cwrP
b. Warna
Perhatikanlah peta yang ada di sekolah Anda, warna apa saja yang ada pada peta tersebut? Peta yang berwarna akan lebih indah dilihat dan kenampakan yang ingin disajikan juga kelihatan lebih jelas.
Penggunaan warna pada peta harus sesuai maksud/tujuan si pembuat peta dan kebiasaan umum.
Contoh:
laut, danau digunakan warna biru.
temperatur (suhu) digunakan warna merah atau coklat.
curah hujan digunakan warna biru atau hijau.
dataran rendah (pantai) ketinggian 0 sampai 200 meter dari permukaan laut digunakan warna hijau.
daerah pegunungan tinggi/dataran tinggi (2000 sampai 3000 meter) digunakan warna coklat tua. Warna berdasarkan sifatnya, ada dua macam yaitu warna bersifat kualitatif dan bersifat kuantitatif.
Berikut adalah contoh simbol berdasarkan warnanya.
https://goo.gl/images/4x2am0
- Sumber dan Tahun Pembuatan Peta
Bila Anda membaca peta, perhatikan sumbernya. Sumber memberi kepastian kepada pembaca peta, bahwa peta tersebut bukan hasil rekaan dan dapat dipercaya. Selain sumber, perhatikan juga tahun pembuatannya. Pembaca peta dapat mengetahui bahwa peta itu masih cocok atau tidak untuk digunakan pada masa sekarang atau sudah kadaluarsa karena sudah terlalu lama.
- Inset
Berdasarkan fungsinyanya, inset di bedakan menjadi 3 macam yaitu :
a. Inset yang berfungsi untuk menunjukkan lokasi relatif wilayah yang tergambar pada peta utama.
Inset ini memiliki skala lebih kecil dari peta utama, untuk menjelaskan letak/hubungan antara wilayah pada peta utama dengan wilayah lain di sekelilingnya. Misalnya : lokasi relatif Pulau Kalimantan sebagai peta utama terlihat posisinya dengan pulau-pulau lain di sekitarnya pada inset peta wilayah Indonesia
b. Inset yang berfungsi memperbesar/memperjelas sebagian kecil wilayah pada peta utama.
Inset ini memiliki skala lebih besar dari peta pokok, mempunyai kegunaan untuk menjelaskan bagian dari peta pokok yang dianggap penting. Misalnya : lokasi permukiman yang penting pada suatu kota diperbesar sehingga menjadi lebih jelas.
c. Inset yang berfungsi untuk menyambung wilayah pada peta utama.
Inset ini memiliki skala sama besar dengan peta utama dan juga merupakan peta utama yang disambung. Fungsi menyambung ini bertujuan untuk :
Menggambarkan wilayah pada peta utama yang terpotong karena keterbatasan pada media kertas/halaman.
Menggambar wilayah yang terpencar
**Demonstrasi :
Letak komponen peta
https://goo.gl/images/txRa4G
Komposisi Peta Topografi Baru
1. Judul peta
2. Skala angka
3. Nomor lembar peta seri
4. Daerah yang dicakup
5. Edisi (tahun), petunjuk letak peta
6. Keterangan proyeksi peta
7. Pengarang/penerbit
8. Petunjuk orientasi utara
9. Skala grafis
10. Pembagian daerah administrasi
11. Petunjuk pembacaan koordinat geografis
12. Grid lintang
13. Grid bujur
Komposisi Peta yang baik
https://goo.gl/images/wTJ9KA
Keterangan:
1. Judul peta tematik
2. Daerah yang dicakup
3. Skala angka dan grafis
4. Orientasi utara
5. Legenda/keterangan
6. Peta inset/peta lokasi
7. Pengarang/penerbit
8. Sumber data
9. Grid lintang dan bujur
Kata Penutup
Kami mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Ibu Guru yang telah membaca makalah ini. Kami merasa bahwa dalam makalah ini ada kekurangan dan kami mengharap Kritik dan Saran dari Ibu demi kesempurnaan makalah untuk selanjutnya.
Atas dukungannya juga kami ucapkan terima kasih.
(Tempat, Tanggal)
Hormat Kami
Penulis
Senin, 17 Maret 2014
Public Speech
NAME : UTAMI DEWI
NO : 24
CLASS : XI IPS
GOOD MORNING. The honorable to teachers, my beloved friends, and everyone who attending in this place. Thank you for the time that given to me.
On this happy morning, let us reflect and pray together for a moment, hopefully we are up this morning still blessed with happines by God the Almighty, given the power to give thanks always.
Well, today, in this very special moment, I am standing here to deliver my speech about GLOBAL WARMING.
Ladies & Gentleman , there is little doubt that the planet is warming. Over the last century, the planets temperature has risen by around 1 degree fahrenheit (0.6 of a degree celsius). The warmest since the mid 1800’s was the 1990s. The hottest years recorded were 1997 to 2003.
The United Nations panel on climate change projects that the global temperatures will rise 3-10 degrees fahrenheit by the century’s end – enough to have the polar caps all but melted. If the ice caps melt, a vast majority of our countries borders will be under water. Monuments and great buildings, as well as homes and lives will be under water, including New York City. So now we know what some of the causes are for global warming, how can we as individuals do our part to help save the planet? The answer is simpler than you may think. You don’t have to go miles away from home to protest, or spend masses of money. If you try to follow the few simple steps that I shall now give you, you will have started to help us all.
Firstly, plant a tree. This could be easier than it sounds. Join or help out a local wildlife group and ask to plant a tree. Trees, when fully grown, will help keep the planet cooler. On the same point, you could protest against the demolition of the rainforests. This is the same principle, we need the trees to cool our planet and yet they are chopping them down to create roads or homes. Something as simple as walking instead of taking the car will help reduce pollution. As well as stopping pollution, you are giving yourself exercise, something important for our bodies. So the next time you get into your car, or your motorbike, think – do I have to make this journey by vehicle or can I walk?
Secondly, When you are at home, and your getting a little cold. Put a jumper on and do not adjust the heating. The extra heat produced by our homes also affects the planet. So try wearing an extra layer in winter. If possible, buy your fruit and vegetables from local suppliers. And try to avoid imported goods. The more foreign food that we import the more pollution from aeroplanes and boats it will create. Keeping to the speed limit can also help the environment. The more you speed the more petrol you are going to use, making the pollution higher. Also, SUV’s make about six times their own weight in CO2 each year. A small efficient diesel car covering the same distance not only uses much less fuel; it makes two thirds less. If possible use solar energy, after all it is free; all you need to buy is the equipment. You can get much of your hot water and heating from the sun and even generate electricity.
Thirdly, Reduce, reuse and recycle. Only buy what you need; don’t stock the cupboards with things you may or may not use. Reuse whatever you can, like containers and paper, and recycle what you cannot reuse. It really is as simple as that. Finally turning off unused sources of power such as televisions and heaters will help the environment, as well as save you money.
So, Ladies & Gentleman ,the conclusion is If everybody stuck to these rules, we would be doing a great thing by protecting the earth. So please take into consideration what I have said, and try to do your part. After all, it will be our next generation that will feel the effects.
OK, That's all my speech. Thank you for your attention.
OM SANTIH SANTIH SANTIH OM.
GOOD MORNING.
NO : 24
CLASS : XI IPS
Global Warming
OM SWASTYASTUGOOD MORNING. The honorable to teachers, my beloved friends, and everyone who attending in this place. Thank you for the time that given to me.
On this happy morning, let us reflect and pray together for a moment, hopefully we are up this morning still blessed with happines by God the Almighty, given the power to give thanks always.
Well, today, in this very special moment, I am standing here to deliver my speech about GLOBAL WARMING.
Ladies & Gentleman , there is little doubt that the planet is warming. Over the last century, the planets temperature has risen by around 1 degree fahrenheit (0.6 of a degree celsius). The warmest since the mid 1800’s was the 1990s. The hottest years recorded were 1997 to 2003.
The United Nations panel on climate change projects that the global temperatures will rise 3-10 degrees fahrenheit by the century’s end – enough to have the polar caps all but melted. If the ice caps melt, a vast majority of our countries borders will be under water. Monuments and great buildings, as well as homes and lives will be under water, including New York City. So now we know what some of the causes are for global warming, how can we as individuals do our part to help save the planet? The answer is simpler than you may think. You don’t have to go miles away from home to protest, or spend masses of money. If you try to follow the few simple steps that I shall now give you, you will have started to help us all.
Firstly, plant a tree. This could be easier than it sounds. Join or help out a local wildlife group and ask to plant a tree. Trees, when fully grown, will help keep the planet cooler. On the same point, you could protest against the demolition of the rainforests. This is the same principle, we need the trees to cool our planet and yet they are chopping them down to create roads or homes. Something as simple as walking instead of taking the car will help reduce pollution. As well as stopping pollution, you are giving yourself exercise, something important for our bodies. So the next time you get into your car, or your motorbike, think – do I have to make this journey by vehicle or can I walk?
Secondly, When you are at home, and your getting a little cold. Put a jumper on and do not adjust the heating. The extra heat produced by our homes also affects the planet. So try wearing an extra layer in winter. If possible, buy your fruit and vegetables from local suppliers. And try to avoid imported goods. The more foreign food that we import the more pollution from aeroplanes and boats it will create. Keeping to the speed limit can also help the environment. The more you speed the more petrol you are going to use, making the pollution higher. Also, SUV’s make about six times their own weight in CO2 each year. A small efficient diesel car covering the same distance not only uses much less fuel; it makes two thirds less. If possible use solar energy, after all it is free; all you need to buy is the equipment. You can get much of your hot water and heating from the sun and even generate electricity.
Thirdly, Reduce, reuse and recycle. Only buy what you need; don’t stock the cupboards with things you may or may not use. Reuse whatever you can, like containers and paper, and recycle what you cannot reuse. It really is as simple as that. Finally turning off unused sources of power such as televisions and heaters will help the environment, as well as save you money.
So, Ladies & Gentleman ,the conclusion is If everybody stuck to these rules, we would be doing a great thing by protecting the earth. So please take into consideration what I have said, and try to do your part. After all, it will be our next generation that will feel the effects.
OK, That's all my speech. Thank you for your attention.
OM SANTIH SANTIH SANTIH OM.
GOOD MORNING.
ENVIRONMENT
Good morning to the honorable
teacher,my friends, and everyone who attendig in this place.
First of all, I would like to
express gratitude to God because I am able to present with a full of health
here. I would also like to thank you to the audience who given me the
opportunity to speak on.
The environment is the thing
which very important for mankind and should be taken care well. Our country is
very rich. Since the ancient times, Indonesian forest has become the world’s
lungs and is the foundation of the existing ecological balance in the world.
When developed countries produce the fumes because of their industry, our
country clean the pollution up with the green forests that exist in Indonesia’s
area.
However, now we have to take
action to save our forests. Lungs of the world that we have are started being
lost because of illegal logging and fire accident. If those deforestations are
still continuing, it will not be impossible if we lose ours and global warming
may increase.
When forests are being weakened,I
believe that we can no longer feel the fresh air and the cool breeze during a
day. Our country will turn out into a hot country and would be painful. Weather
changes which are present in this country can’t be predicted and the dry season
comes longer. Are we willing to Indonesian forest are lose ? Of course not.
Through this speech, I want to
assure you that we are able to preserve the forest and natural wealth to our
children in the future. We are able to make Indonesia always be the lungs of
the world which are highly admired by each country in the world. Indonesia’s
forest is a very valuable asset.
To protect the environment, we
can start it from the smallest thing such as planting trees around the house.
When every person in Indonesia plants a tree in the backyard, this country will
have a very good environtment in the next years. The fresh air and rivers
flowing can certainly be easy to see and Indonesia will never lose its best
environment.
Train yourself and teach your
children to love environment. Do not letthem to be more attracted to video
games in home rather than planting trees in the garden. Make them love the
nature by getting them to do camping,gardening, do outbounds activities as
often as u can. When they know their environment , then they would love to keep
environment be health.
Well, the conclusion is we have
to not lose and ignore environment to make the world be health. Let us keep and
preserved our forest from now.
Thank you for your attention.
Good morning.
Minggu, 23 Februari 2014
Parafrase Puisi Bali
PUISI BALI
( PARAFRASE PUISI )
( PARAFRASE PUISI )
XI IPS I
NAMA : ................
NO ABSEN : ....................
SMA NEGERI .....................
TAHUN AJARAN 2014/2015
- LALANG
Gerimis sané ulung ngapuan
Inggih punika kruna
Sané ngamedalang girang
Sané ngicénin liang
Sané nungkulang galang
Sané nyayangang lalang
Nulekep ring sidakepan pertiwi
Nguntulang raga
Pinaka saksi sasih makiré kalima
Pinaka saksi bunga sampun kembang
Pinaka saksi semeng janten nyemengan
Lan, lalang nyarengin
Tan paucap apisanan
23 September 2009
Olih : Pandé Kurniawan
SUKSMAN
Bait / Pada 1 : Sabeh sane tedun ngalih raina apisan nyiamin ambengan sane mabuat toya sabeh, punika ngranayang ambengane makolihang.
Bait / Pada 2 : Urip ambengan sane makolihang punika sue, semeng wengi saking wau mentik kantos sasih kalima inggih punika sasihne sekar pada kembang.
CERITA
Ring bukit wenten alas ambengan sane makolihang krana irika sabehe tedun maruntun ngalih raina apisan lan suryane saraina nyuryanin. Makasami mawarna gadang nguda. Yening cingakin saking doh, becik pisan bukit punika ngeranayang ulun hati i ragane teduh.
Ambengan urip sakadi entik-entikan. Ambengan ring bukit makolihang pisan, uripne sue. Saking wau mentik kantos sasih kalima kantun mawarna gadang. Ambengan punika taler mawiguna anggen paketisan Ida Pandita utawi Sulinggih.
- SINOM-SINOMAN WREDA
Puniki carita kalintang nista
indik wang lingsir
sinoman wreda dané kasengguh
apan nguni kocap kasudi
pinaka tameng papacek gumi
Mangkin
ipun i sinoman wreda
nandang idup kalara-lara
tan pasanak braya
nyabran rahina nyliksik bulu
saha ngapé-apé jagaté wayah
majalaran tembang mawarni pinunas:
déwa ratu sang hyang embang
kedeh titiang mangastiti
i ratu sang ngawiwenang
uripé sané asiki
mangkin meled titiang ngapti
mangda i ratu mapuwus
ledang bancut urip titiang
apan tan malih kasidi
mangda puput
utang titiang dadi jatma
Cendek tembang dané
I sinoman wreda
Nanging teges pinunas ipun
Jakti singsal minab pupuhé
Sangkaning tuwuhé nampekin sanja
Nanging sira ugi jagi urati
Mapidabdab indik tembang
Ring ulu atiné
Sané kalintang sungkawa
(Beh, i guwak pasliwer gaok-gaok
Mapi-mapi duta hyang yamadipati
mapengarah ring jagat sadaya
wénten manusa mapag pralaya)
Jakarta, Maret 2008
olih : IDG Palguna
Minggu, 19 Januari 2014
Dishes Abroad
1. LASAGNE / LASAGNA (ITALY DISH)
Lasagna, one of the most celebrated of the Italian food staples, has a long and luxorious history. The term "lasagna" comes from the Greek word, "lasagnum," meaning dish or bowl. The ancient Greeks used baking dishes of that name, which they eventually transferred to the Romans. The Romans, who ended up using the same style of dish, also developed a type of food which they used the term "lasagnum" for: it was served in said dish, with layers of a pasta-like food with other fillings in-between. With the extent of the Roman empire, this new "lasagnum" dish spread all across Europe, eventually reaching Britain, where it was published in the very first cookbook.
2. PAELLA (SPANISH DISH)
Paella is currently an internationally-known rice dish from Spain. It originated in the fields of a region called Valencia on the eastern coast of Spain. Today paella is made in every region of Spain, using just about any kind of ingredient that goes well with rice. There are as many versions of paella as there are cooks. It may contain chicken, pork, shellfish, fish, eel, squid, beans, peas, artichokes or peppers. Saffron, the spice that also turns the rice a wonderful golden color is an essential part of the dish.
3. CHOP SUEY (AMERICAN CHINESE DISH)
Chop Suey is a stir-fried dish which can include a variety of meat and vegetables in a cornstarch thickened sauce. While allegedly from the Guangdong Province, chop suey is widely believed to have originated in the US during construction of the Transcontinental Railway. Whatever Chop Suey’s origin, it’s become synonymous with American Chinese food. One of the factors that influences the evolution of food as it migrates to a new land is the availability of traditional ingredients. When chop suey arrived with early Chinese immigrants in the late 19th century, bokchoy, straw mushrooms and water chestnuts weren’t available here. So the immigrants did what any great chef would do and improvised, using readily available ingredients such as cabbage, button mushrooms and celery. In this version I’ve tried to stay true to the inauthenticity of American Chop Suey by using ingredients that would have been available around that time in the US.
4. VINDALOO (PORTUGUESE DISH)
The name "vindaloo" is derived from the Portuguese dish "carne de vinha d'alhos," which is a dish of meat, usually pork, with wine and garlic.The Portuguese dish was modified by the substitution of vinegar (usually palm vinegar) for the red wine and the addition of red Kashmiri chillies with additional spices to evolve into Vindaloo. Vindaloo served in western restaurants differs from the original dish of that name in that it is simply a hotter version of the standard "medium" restaurant curry, with additional chili and including potatoes. Despite its origins, vindaloo in Britain is usually not available with pork, only with chicken, beef, lamb/mutton, or prawn. Vindaloo is one of the hottest dishes available on the menu where it is served, although some establishments serve a "tindaloo" in addition, which is a completely different dish originating in Bangladesh. The Bengali tindaloo is a step up from vindaloo in terms of spiciness, with the addition of more chilies. Another hotter curry is the "phall". These two dishes are sometimes omitted from the menu, because they are regarded too hot for the majority of diners, but can be prepared by special request.
5. HAGGIS (SCOTTLAND DISH)
Haggis, a national dish of Scotland. A haggis is actually a large spherical sausagemade of the liver, heart, and lungs of a sheep, all chopped and mixed with beef or mutton suet and oatmeal and seasoned with onion, cayenne pepper, and other spices. The mixture is packed into a sheep’s stomach and boiled. Haggis is usually accompanied by turnips and mashed potatoes.
6. SAUERKRAUT (GERMANY DISH)
Sauerkraut is the most well known German food. Sauerkraut is finely sliced green cabbage that has been fermented by lactic acid bacteria (Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, and Pediococcus). The fermentation process (also known as pickling) gives the cabbage a distinct sour flavor, which is where it gets the name Sauerkraut (sour cabbage).
Finished Sauerkraut can be purchased in many German food stores as well as in many markets. Sauerkraut can be eaten raw, which has many vitamins and minerals. However, if you are not used to the high amount of lacto-bacilli found in raw Sauerkraut, it can easily upset your stomach. For cooking suggestions, please see our Cooking Sauerkraut and Sauerkraut Recipes sections below.
7. MOUSAKKA (TURKISH DISH)
The English name for moussaka comes from modern Greek mousakás (μουσακάς), which entered Greek from the Turkish musakka, which itself came from Arabic musaqa‘h (مسقعة), via an Arabic root literally meaning "chilled" . Moussaka, dish of baked lamb and eggplant prepared throughout the Balkans and Middle East, but most closely associated with Greece and Turkey. In the Greek version the eggplants are sliced and fried lightly in olive oil, then layered in a casserole with a mixture of ground lamb, onions, tomato sauce, and seasonings. A béchamel (white sauce) with grated cheese is poured over the meat and vegetables before the dish is baked. Sliced potatoes are sometimes placed first in the casserole to form a bottom layer; zucchini can replace the eggplant. The dish can be baked in a deep pot lined
8. BURRITOS (MEXICAN DISH)
Mexican cuisine’s perception all over the world is way too different from reality. Chilli is of course part of the daily food; however it doesn’t mean that each and every Mexican includes it in all their meals. There are many people that decide not to add spicy sauce or chilli and it is a great surprise for any foreigner when they notice that a Mexican says NO to spicy food. Burritos on the other hand are not so popular as a taco or chilli. Although they were created in Chihuahua, a state from North Mexico
9. SUSHI (JAPANESE DISH)
Sushi is a typical Japanese food with over a thousand years of history and tradition. It has become perhaps the most visible example of Japanese cuisine in other countries. Consists of cold cooked rice dressed with vinegar that is shaped into bite-sized pieces and topped with raw or cooked fish, or formed into a roll with fish, egg, or vegetables and wrapped in seaweed or stuffed in a small tofu pouch.
10. KIMCHI (KOREAN DISH)
Kimchi (Korean: 김치) is a fermented dish typically consisting of vegetables, red chili peppers, and a seafood-based sauce, which is then put in a stoneware pot to ferment in the sun. The longer it ferments, the stronger the flavor. Kimchi was originally made with vegetables and beef stock, but began incorporating stronger spices in the 1100s, when foreigners began transporting different spices to Korea. Red chili peppers, the main ingredient in kimchi, was not introduced until after 1500. Kimchi was originally created to prevent the loss of nutrients and minerals.
11. BORSCHT (NORTH AMERICAN DISH)
The soup made its way into North American cuisine .
Borscht (also borsch, bortsch, borstch, borsh, borshch; Ukrainian: )is a soup of Ukrainian origin that is popular in many Eastern and Central European countries. In most of these countries, it is made with beetroot as the main ingredient. In some countries, tomato is used as the main ingredient, while beetroot acts as a secondary ingredient. Other, non-beet varieties also exist, such as thetomato paste-based orange borscht and green borscht (sorrel soup). Potatoes and cabbage are also standard; some regions have green borscht where cabbage is substituted with green spinach.
12. Bouillabaisse (THE TRADITIONAL SOUTHERN FRANCE DISH)
The Marseille bouillabaisse is definitely a gem of the traditional Southern France cooking. This Provencal fish soup used to be a main dish for poor people, commonly cooked by fishermen's wives with the leftovers of the catch. Nowadays, the bouillabaisse from the Provence Alpes Cote d'Azur region has become a reference of the French gastronomy.
According to the Provencal tradition, an authentic Marseillaise bouillabaisse should include at least five different kinds of sea fish, from haddock and cod to perch and bass - without forgetting shellfish! This French regional fish soup from Provences Alpes Cote d'Azur actually implies only one restriction, to cook extremely fresh fishes. Once you match this requirement, any combination is acceptable!
Lasagna, one of the most celebrated of the Italian food staples, has a long and luxorious history. The term "lasagna" comes from the Greek word, "lasagnum," meaning dish or bowl. The ancient Greeks used baking dishes of that name, which they eventually transferred to the Romans. The Romans, who ended up using the same style of dish, also developed a type of food which they used the term "lasagnum" for: it was served in said dish, with layers of a pasta-like food with other fillings in-between. With the extent of the Roman empire, this new "lasagnum" dish spread all across Europe, eventually reaching Britain, where it was published in the very first cookbook.
2. PAELLA (SPANISH DISH)
Paella is currently an internationally-known rice dish from Spain. It originated in the fields of a region called Valencia on the eastern coast of Spain. Today paella is made in every region of Spain, using just about any kind of ingredient that goes well with rice. There are as many versions of paella as there are cooks. It may contain chicken, pork, shellfish, fish, eel, squid, beans, peas, artichokes or peppers. Saffron, the spice that also turns the rice a wonderful golden color is an essential part of the dish.
3. CHOP SUEY (AMERICAN CHINESE DISH)
Chop Suey is a stir-fried dish which can include a variety of meat and vegetables in a cornstarch thickened sauce. While allegedly from the Guangdong Province, chop suey is widely believed to have originated in the US during construction of the Transcontinental Railway. Whatever Chop Suey’s origin, it’s become synonymous with American Chinese food. One of the factors that influences the evolution of food as it migrates to a new land is the availability of traditional ingredients. When chop suey arrived with early Chinese immigrants in the late 19th century, bokchoy, straw mushrooms and water chestnuts weren’t available here. So the immigrants did what any great chef would do and improvised, using readily available ingredients such as cabbage, button mushrooms and celery. In this version I’ve tried to stay true to the inauthenticity of American Chop Suey by using ingredients that would have been available around that time in the US.
4. VINDALOO (PORTUGUESE DISH)
The name "vindaloo" is derived from the Portuguese dish "carne de vinha d'alhos," which is a dish of meat, usually pork, with wine and garlic.The Portuguese dish was modified by the substitution of vinegar (usually palm vinegar) for the red wine and the addition of red Kashmiri chillies with additional spices to evolve into Vindaloo. Vindaloo served in western restaurants differs from the original dish of that name in that it is simply a hotter version of the standard "medium" restaurant curry, with additional chili and including potatoes. Despite its origins, vindaloo in Britain is usually not available with pork, only with chicken, beef, lamb/mutton, or prawn. Vindaloo is one of the hottest dishes available on the menu where it is served, although some establishments serve a "tindaloo" in addition, which is a completely different dish originating in Bangladesh. The Bengali tindaloo is a step up from vindaloo in terms of spiciness, with the addition of more chilies. Another hotter curry is the "phall". These two dishes are sometimes omitted from the menu, because they are regarded too hot for the majority of diners, but can be prepared by special request.
5. HAGGIS (SCOTTLAND DISH)
Haggis, a national dish of Scotland. A haggis is actually a large spherical sausagemade of the liver, heart, and lungs of a sheep, all chopped and mixed with beef or mutton suet and oatmeal and seasoned with onion, cayenne pepper, and other spices. The mixture is packed into a sheep’s stomach and boiled. Haggis is usually accompanied by turnips and mashed potatoes.
6. SAUERKRAUT (GERMANY DISH)
Sauerkraut is the most well known German food. Sauerkraut is finely sliced green cabbage that has been fermented by lactic acid bacteria (Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, and Pediococcus). The fermentation process (also known as pickling) gives the cabbage a distinct sour flavor, which is where it gets the name Sauerkraut (sour cabbage).
Finished Sauerkraut can be purchased in many German food stores as well as in many markets. Sauerkraut can be eaten raw, which has many vitamins and minerals. However, if you are not used to the high amount of lacto-bacilli found in raw Sauerkraut, it can easily upset your stomach. For cooking suggestions, please see our Cooking Sauerkraut and Sauerkraut Recipes sections below.
7. MOUSAKKA (TURKISH DISH)
The English name for moussaka comes from modern Greek mousakás (μουσακάς), which entered Greek from the Turkish musakka, which itself came from Arabic musaqa‘h (مسقعة), via an Arabic root literally meaning "chilled" . Moussaka, dish of baked lamb and eggplant prepared throughout the Balkans and Middle East, but most closely associated with Greece and Turkey. In the Greek version the eggplants are sliced and fried lightly in olive oil, then layered in a casserole with a mixture of ground lamb, onions, tomato sauce, and seasonings. A béchamel (white sauce) with grated cheese is poured over the meat and vegetables before the dish is baked. Sliced potatoes are sometimes placed first in the casserole to form a bottom layer; zucchini can replace the eggplant. The dish can be baked in a deep pot lined
8. BURRITOS (MEXICAN DISH)
Mexican cuisine’s perception all over the world is way too different from reality. Chilli is of course part of the daily food; however it doesn’t mean that each and every Mexican includes it in all their meals. There are many people that decide not to add spicy sauce or chilli and it is a great surprise for any foreigner when they notice that a Mexican says NO to spicy food. Burritos on the other hand are not so popular as a taco or chilli. Although they were created in Chihuahua, a state from North Mexico
9. SUSHI (JAPANESE DISH)
Sushi is a typical Japanese food with over a thousand years of history and tradition. It has become perhaps the most visible example of Japanese cuisine in other countries. Consists of cold cooked rice dressed with vinegar that is shaped into bite-sized pieces and topped with raw or cooked fish, or formed into a roll with fish, egg, or vegetables and wrapped in seaweed or stuffed in a small tofu pouch.
10. KIMCHI (KOREAN DISH)
Kimchi (Korean: 김치) is a fermented dish typically consisting of vegetables, red chili peppers, and a seafood-based sauce, which is then put in a stoneware pot to ferment in the sun. The longer it ferments, the stronger the flavor. Kimchi was originally made with vegetables and beef stock, but began incorporating stronger spices in the 1100s, when foreigners began transporting different spices to Korea. Red chili peppers, the main ingredient in kimchi, was not introduced until after 1500. Kimchi was originally created to prevent the loss of nutrients and minerals.
11. BORSCHT (NORTH AMERICAN DISH)
The soup made its way into North American cuisine .
Borscht (also borsch, bortsch, borstch, borsh, borshch; Ukrainian: )is a soup of Ukrainian origin that is popular in many Eastern and Central European countries. In most of these countries, it is made with beetroot as the main ingredient. In some countries, tomato is used as the main ingredient, while beetroot acts as a secondary ingredient. Other, non-beet varieties also exist, such as thetomato paste-based orange borscht and green borscht (sorrel soup). Potatoes and cabbage are also standard; some regions have green borscht where cabbage is substituted with green spinach.
12. Bouillabaisse (THE TRADITIONAL SOUTHERN FRANCE DISH)
The Marseille bouillabaisse is definitely a gem of the traditional Southern France cooking. This Provencal fish soup used to be a main dish for poor people, commonly cooked by fishermen's wives with the leftovers of the catch. Nowadays, the bouillabaisse from the Provence Alpes Cote d'Azur region has become a reference of the French gastronomy.
According to the Provencal tradition, an authentic Marseillaise bouillabaisse should include at least five different kinds of sea fish, from haddock and cod to perch and bass - without forgetting shellfish! This French regional fish soup from Provences Alpes Cote d'Azur actually implies only one restriction, to cook extremely fresh fishes. Once you match this requirement, any combination is acceptable!
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